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children of divorced families

Factors affecting adjustment to divorce:

several factors influence how well a family adapts to divorce:

• the amount of conflict among family members
• the availability of both parents to their children
• the nature of relationship changes in the family
• the responsibilities family members take
• the defensibility of the divorce from child's point of view

Common emotional reactions to divorce:

• how children react to divorce depends a great deal of their age, their personality characteristics.
• individual reaction will vary considerably from child to child because each has a different family circumstances, different personality strenghts and weakness and different ways of coping with sress.
• perceptions of loss of the intact family not only vary from child to child but are viewed differently by the same child as he or she grows and develops.
• how a child reacts at a given moment may be far from different from how he or she adjusts over course of many months or years.
• children express certain common reactions is useful in helping children through the immediate crisis of divorce and easing their long term adjustment to it.

Children will feel:

1. grief for the loss of family
2. fear of rejection, abandonment and powerless
3. anger
4. resentment and intense loneliness
5. guilt and self-blame
6. anxiety and betrayal

Children must confront during the last days of their parents marriage, through the separation and divorce, and in the post-divorce years with help them to understanding the divorce and its consequences, disengaging from crisis and resuming normal activities, coping with loss, dealing with anger, resolving guilt and self-blame, and acceptance of the permanence of divorce.

exam

:: wish me do the best ::

on advanced social work theories with individual and families paper

Poverty : Maslow's hierarchy of needs

Hello reader... :) 

Based on my practical experience...

My fieldwork is around poverty issues. 

Poverty issues in urban area and rural area have many differences view.

Poverty in urban area look more struggle rather than poverty issues in rural area.

Poverty in urban area more hardcore poor..most of them facing homeless problem.

Their are survive with high cost living in city, more stressful and challenging life, and facing many social problem.Whereas poverty issues in rural area focusing to specific target groups which they working village works. Poverty issues in this area look more lack of facility, their well-being will be affected because unable access to goods and services. from our home visit, i can see that an average of them have their own house and land. However, their house is not in a good conditions.

From this issue, we can see that Maslow's hierarchy of needs have related to this issue. that theory often linked directly to poverty : limits individuals’ abilities to meet other needs, such as holding a stable job or paying for housing. Basically if people can't access the lowest level of the pyramid, they will not be able to think about anything beyond their basic needs.

Psychoanalytic theory

Psychoanalytic theory is related to the dynamics of personality development that underlie and guide the psychoanalytic and psychodynamic.

Instinct or unconscious motives and psychosexual level in the development of human being.

Freud thought that human behaviour, including violent behaviour, was the product of “unconscious” forces operating within a person’s mind. Freud also felt that early childhood experiences had a profound impact on adolescent and adult behaviour. Freud, for example, believed that conflicts that occur at various psychosexual stages of development might impact an individual’s ability to operate normally as an adult.

Freud believed that the human mind was composed of three elements: id, ego and superego.

The id is present in the newborn infant and consists of impulses, emotions, and desires. It demands instant gratification of all its wishes and needs. Since this is impractical, the ego develops to act as a practical interface or mediator between reality and the desires of the id. The final structure to develop is the superego, which is the sense of duty and responsibility – in many ways the conscience. 

The ego and the superego develop as the individual progresses through the five psychosexual

stages – oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital.

THE FIVE PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES

Oral stage (approximately birth to 1 year)

The infant's greatest satisfaction is derived from stimulation of the lips, tongue, and mouth. Sucking is the chief source of pleasure for the young infant.

Anal stage (approximately 1 to 3 years)

During this stage toilet or potty training takes place and the child gains the greatest psychosexual pleasure from exercising control over the anus and by retaining and eliminating feces.

Phallic stage (approximately 3 to 6 years)

This is the time when children obtain their greatest pleasure from stimulating the genitals. At this time boys experiences the Oedipus complex. This expression derives from the Greek myth in which Oedipus became infatuated with his mother. In the Freudian account the young boy develops sexual feelings toward his mother but realizes that his father is a major competitor for her (sexual) affections! He then fears castration at the hands of his father (the castration complex) and, in order to resolve this complex, he adopts the ideas of his father and the superego (the conscience) develops. 

Latency and genital stages (approximately 6 years to adolescence)

From around 6 years the torments of infancy and early childhood subside and the child's 

sexual awakening goes into a resting period (latency, from around 6 years to puberty and adolescence). Then, at adolescence, sexual feelings become more apparent and urgent and the genital stage appears. In the latter “true” sexual feelings emerge and the adolescent strives to cope with awakening desires.

This theory can be related to 

• gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender issues
• juvenile delinquency issues

child abuse: ecological theory

CHILD ABUSE:  a boy who was chained up in a closet and tortured by his own family at age 6 years old.

child abuse can have a strong impact on, and lead to problems in, a child's emotional, psychosocial and behavioral development. all types of child abuse can have  serious psychosocial and emotional consequences for children. whether in a short-term emotional impacts of neglect, such as fear, isolation, and an inability to trust, can lead to lifelong emotional and psychological problems, such as low self-esteem.

abuse child, even when older, may display a variety of emotional, psychosocial and behavioral problems which may very depending on the age of the child. some of these include:

• displaying an inability to control emotions or impulses, usually characterized by frequent outbursts
• being quiet and submissive
• having difficulty learning in school and getting along with classmates
• experiencing unusual eating or sleeping behavior
• displaying poor coping skills
• exhibiting panic or dissociative disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder or post traumatic stress disorder
• suffering from depression, anxiety or low esteem

the factor of child abuse:

• marital problems
• single parenthood
• unemployment and financial stress
• have problems communicating in positive or appropriate ways
• have less empathy and openness
• chronic environment stress
• substance abuse and mental health

intervention that can provided to client:

• emotional support
• decision-making or problem -solving assistance
• support that related to self esteem
• therapeutic aid

The ecological theory

 Urie Bronfenbrenner (1994) stated that the impact that environment plays on the growth and development of an individual. This theory can help to investigating the correlational and causal relationship among multiple markers associated with child abuse potential. Individual problems are often caused by the social environment. from Clayton Moss story, we can see that  microsystem was break down, marital problem from his parent consequently effect to his childhood life.